In Turkish, yes/no questions are formed using the interrogative particle mi . This particle is placed after the verb . It is written separately and, like suffixes, follows vowel harmony: mi, mı, mü, mu. Examples: Oğlum, ev ödevlerini bitirdin mi ? →   Son, have you finished your homwork? Akşam işten sonra buluşuyor mu yuz? →   Are we going to meet after work in the evening? Müsait mi sin? Biraz konuşabilir mi yiz? →   Are you free? Can we talk for a while? Mert dün okulda Tu

In Turkish, the present continuous tense (-iyor) is not limited to actions happening right now. It can also be used for future plans, in the same way as the English present continuous tense. It is also commonly used to talk about habitual actions, often expressed with the simple present tense in English, and to describe actions that started in the past and are still continuing, where English would normally use the present perfect or present perfect continuous. This means one

This topic builds on the suffix -diğinden beri. If needed, you can review it here. In many contexts, -( y )eli  can be used in the same way as -diğinden beri  to express “since something happened.” Unlike -diğinden, it does not inflect for person. Here are some example sentences using both suffixes: Biz Ankara’ya taşın dığ ımız dan beri bu dairede oturuyoruz. Neredeyse 13 yıl oluyor. = Biz Ankara’ya taşın alı bu dairede oturuyoruz. Neredeyse 13 yıl oluyor. →   Since we m

This topic builds on the suffix -den beri. If needed, you can review it here . We use -diğinden beri to express "since something happened." The suffix -diğinden inflects for person , as shown in the table below. Singular Persons (since I came, etc.) Plural Persons (since we came, etc.) 1 gel diğ im den beri  1 gel diğ imiz den beri 2 gel diğ in den beri  2 gel diğ iniz den beri 3 gel diğ i n den beri  3 gel dik leri n den beri Here are some example sentences using -diğinde

We use -mesine rağmen (or -mesine karşın ) to form although clauses in Turkish. The suffix -mesine inflects for person, as shown in the example below. The final -a is the dative case suffix, which is required by rağmen/karşın . Singular Persons (Although I do, etc.) Plural Persons (Although we do, etc.) 1 yap ma m a   rağmen/karşın 1 yap ma mız a rağmen/karşın 2 yap ma n a   rağmen/karşın 2 yap ma nız a   rağmen/karşın 3 yap ma s ı n a   rağmen/karşı 3 yap ma ları n a  

In Turkish, there are no letters or abbreviations that match the English “a.m.” and “p.m.” Instead, we simply mention the part of the day before the clock time when speaking naturally. Examples: Uçağım yarın sabah 7.45'te. → My flight is at 7:45 a.m. tomorrow. Bugün öğleden sonra saat 2.00'de buluşalım. → Let's meet at 2 p.m. today. In more formal contexts, such as schedules, announcements, or official documents, we switch to the 24-hour system. Examples: Genel Kurul Top

Being able to ask and tell the time in Turkish is one of the most practical skills for everyday communication. In this lesson, you’ll see the most common patterns and examples used when asking and telling the time  in Turkish. The pages below are taken from the appendix section of my book easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1–A2) . These images provide a clear, visual overview of the key structures, making the lesson quick to follow and easy to review at a glance . Once y

All these words roughly translate as half , but they are used differently in Turkish. In this lesson, you will clearly see where and how each one is used with simple explanations and natural examples. 1. Yarım (adjective) Yarım (+ noun/noun phrase) translates as half (+ a/an + noun/noun phrase): Turkish Examples English Translations yarım elma half an apple yarım saat half an hour yarım litre süt half a litre of milk 2. Yarı (adjective and adverb) a) As an adjective

We add -den beri  or -dir  to time expressions to say that an action started in the past and is still continuing. In Turkish, we normally use the present continuous (-iyor)  for these situations, whereas English often uses the present perfect  or present perfect continuous . We use a time expression + -den beri / -dir  to indicate the starting point  or the duration  of the action. 1. -den beri = since (+ a point in time) The suffix -den  changes according to: Vowel harmony: 

In Turkish, the verb “öpmek” (to kiss) looks simple at first glance, but it actually has different meanings depending on the grammatical structure. Especially for learners, the difference between -i öpmek , -den öpmek , and öpüşmek  can feel confusing at first. In this post, we’ll break down each form with clear explanations and natural example sentences. 1. -i Öpmek — to Kiss Someone This structure is used when you kiss a person directly. The noun before the verb takes the a

Yapıl ana kadar hep imkânsız görünür. It always seems impossible until it's done. (Nelson Mandela) In Turkish, -(y)ene kadar  (or -(y)ene dek / -değin ) is used to indicate how long an action will continue or until what point something lasts . In English, it usually translates as “until” or “up to.” Here is another example from a well-known Turkish saying: Köprüyü geç ene kadar ayıya "dayı" de. Literally:  Call the bear "uncle" until you have crossed the bridge. Meaning:  Ge

This post features a lesson from my book easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1–A2) . In the book, all suffixes are shown in the same colours throughout the book, with a clear colour legend on every page, as you can see in the image. This helps you follow each suffix easily. Exercises You can check your answers with audio support here. 👉 Check out easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1-A2), where this lesson comes from. Previous: Comparative adjectives in Turkish

This post features a lesson from my book easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1–A2) . In the book, all suffixes are shown in the same colours throughout the book, with a clear colour legend on every page, as you can see in the image. This helps you follow each suffix easily. Exercises You can check your answers with audio support here . 👉 Check out easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1-A2),  where this lesson comes from. Next: Superlative adjectives in Turkish

This post features a lesson from my book easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1–A2) . In the book, all suffixes are shown in the same colours throughout the book, with a clear colour legend on every page, as you can see in the image. This helps you follow each suffix easily. 👉 Check out the book here .

Turkish grammar heavily relies on suffixes. They often replace what English expresses through separate words, such as auxiliary verbs (to show tense, person, or mood) and prepositions (to show place, time, or direction).  Look at the example below to see how Turkish suffixes correspond to English words, and vice versa: Karı m a çiçek al acağ ım . → I will buy flowers for my wife. A single Turkish word with one or more suffixes can sometimes correspond to a whole phrase,

In Turkish, the standard word order is SOV : Subject + Object + Verb. This post explains basic sentence structure, how to add qualifiers, and how to construct compound and complex sentences. Adding Qualifiers: Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs With nouns, adjectives or quantifiers we can qualify subjects and objects. To qualify verbs, we use adverbs. As a rule of thumb, the qualifiers come before what they qualify. Time and Place in Turkish Sentences Sentences with further informati

This post features a page from the Turkish Case Suffixes  lesson in my book easy Turkish Grammar with answers 1 (A1–A2) . In the book, all suffixes are shown in the same colours throughout the book, with a clear colour legend on every page, as you can see in the image. This helps you follow each suffix easily. This topic builds on possessive suffixes. If needed, see possessive suffixes in Turkish . 👉 Check out the book here .

In Turkish, we add the ablative case suffix -den / -dan , which usually corresponds to the English preposition from , to the name of a place, area, container, substance etc, or to the name of a person to say: 1. where someone or something starts, leaves, or comes from Examples: Bizim trenimiz 2. peron dan kalkıyor. → Our train departs from platform 2. Sabah ev den 7.00’de çıkıyorum. → I leave home at 7.00 in the morning. Öykü hafta sonu Isparta ’dan dönüyor. → Öykü is ret

In Turkish, the locative case suffix -de / -da  indicates location in place and time . If the word it is attached to ends in a hard consonant  (f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p) , the d changes to t (-te / -ta) . You can use the mnemonic word f ı st ı kç ı Ş a h a p , which translates as peanut seller Şahap , to remember these hard consonants. We add the locative case suffix -de / -da (-te / -ta) : 1. to the name of a place, area, container etc. It usually corresponds to the English p

In Turkish, the dative case suffix -e / -a indicates the recipient (indirect object) of an action, direction, or goal. If the word it attaches to ends in a vowel, the buffer letter y is inserted in between. We add the dative case suffix -(y)e / -(y)a : 1. To the indirect object Indirect object is an object of a verb that refers to the person or thing that something is given to, said to, done to, or made for. Example: Sana bir şey sorabilir miyim? →  Can I ask you somethi